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Service motoblock "Ugra". Features of application and operation

Description

The device, repair and maintenance of the Ugra walk-behind tractor are the most frequently asked questions on specialized forums. In this article, we will consider these issues in detail.

Motoblock Ugra NMB 1H7
Motoblock Ugra NMB 1H7

Motoblocks of the Ugra brand comply with all European safety standards and tolerances, they have established themselves as reliable and hardy farmer's helpers. In conjunction with functional attachments, they can be used all year round.

The manufacturer is the Russian enterprise "Kaluga engine" ("KaDvi"), which produces engines, spare parts for tractors, attachments and motoblocks "Ugra" and "Oka".

Instructions for the motor-block "Ugra"

The instruction is a document that provides the owner with complete information about the device, including the following:

  • unit device (with diagrams of the main components and descriptions);
  • model characteristics;
  • first start guides;
  • descriptions of the run-in;
  • list of maintenance steps;
  • list of possible problems.

We offer a brief review of the information provided in the instructions.

Walk-behind tractor device

"Ugra" consists of the following structural elements:

  • four-stroke single-cylinder carburetor engine;
  • running gear;
  • transmissions;
  • motoblock controls.
Motoblock device "Ugra"
Motoblock device "Ugra"

Motoblock engine device

The figure shows a sectional view of a gasoline internal combustion engine:

The device of a four-stroke gasoline engine (Honda) of a walk-behind tractor: 1 - fuel filters, 2 - crankshaft, 3 - air filter, 4 - part of the ignition system, 5 - cylinder, 6 - valve, 7 - crankshaft bearing.
The device of a four-stroke gasoline engine (Honda) of a walk-behind tractor: 1 - fuel filters, 2 - crankshaft, 3 - air filter, 4 - part of the ignition system, 5 - cylinder, 6 - valve, 7 - crankshaft bearing.

We list the components of the carburetor engine installed on the Ugra walk-behind tractor:

  • fuel filters;
  • crankshaft;
  • Air filter;
  • ignition system;
  • 4 cylinders;
  • valves;
  • crankshaft bearings.

Gasoline internal combustion engine is a complex device that includes several systems at once:

  1. Fuel supply system. Provides preparation of the air-fuel mixture and consists of the following elements:
    • carburetor;
    • fuel tank;
    • faucet;
    • air filter;
    • fuel supply hose.
  2. Starting mechanism. The starter is part of the starting system, with its participation, the engine flywheel is promoted, and then the crankshaft. Some engine models are equipped with a decompressor to facilitate starting the power plant and an electric starter powered by a battery.
  3. The ignition system of the motoblock "Ugra". Thanks to this system, sparking occurs on the spark plug with a pre-set amplitude. The necessary conditions for the formation of a spark and ignition of the air-fuel mixture are provided by the following elements:
    • flywheel;
    • magnetic shoe;
    • magneto;
    • candle.
Read more:  How to make a mini tractor from an MTZ walk-behind tractor?

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the electronic ignition circuit:

1 - electronic magneto, 2 - screw, 3 - magnetic shoe.
1 - electronic magneto, 2 - screw, 3 - magnetic shoe.
Starting mechanism and ignition system of the walk-behind tractor: 1 - starter handle, 2 - fan housing, 3 - protective casing, 4 - cylinder, 5 - cylinder head, 6 - magneto, 7 - flywheel.
Starting mechanism and ignition system of the walk-behind tractor: 1 - starter handle, 2 - fan housing, 3 - protective casing, 4 - cylinder, 5 - cylinder head, 6 - magneto, 7 - flywheel.
  1. Grease. An internal combustion engine has many rubbing parts, so a lubrication system is necessary for the proper and uninterrupted operation of the power plant.
  2. Cooling system. The cylinders of the power plant become very hot during operation, and in order to protect the motor from overheating and premature wear, care must be taken to remove heat and cool the cylinders. This task is handled by the air currents created by the rotation of the flywheel impeller during the rotation of the crankshaft.
  3. Gas distribution system. Responsible for the flow of the fuel mixture into the cylinder, as well as for the removal of exhaust gases to the outside. A muffler acts as a gas outlet.

We offer to see the full cycle of the four-stroke power plant:

The principle of operation of a four-stroke engine
The principle of operation of a four-stroke engine
Operation of a four-stroke engine
Operation of a four-stroke engine

Carburetor, principle of operation adjustment

The carburetor is used to ignite the fuel. It happens like this: the piston moves up, creating a vacuum. The carburetor absorbs the air that goes through the tube. The created vacuum allows fuel to pass through the connecting fitting from the tank to the engine. Further, the fuel passes around the main needle and through the inlet socket back into the tube.

While pressing the throttle lever, the low speed needle opens access to gasoline, after which the fuel flow is controlled only by the main needle.

The instability of the engine speed of the walk-behind tractor indicates that the carburetor needs to be adjusted. To do this, you must first warm up the engine. Further:

At the end of the procedure, the motor starts and warms up for about 10 minutes.

The accuracy of carburetor adjustment can also be determined by how the spark plug looks after a short period of operation under load. If the working mixture is ideal, then there will be no carbon deposits or traces of fuel on the candle, which indicate a too poor, or, conversely, too rich combustible mixture.

Owners of Ugra motoblocks are interested in what kind of oil should be poured into the engine? We answer: for the power plant, it is best to use engine oil of the TAD-17I or TAP-15V brand (GOST 23652-79), high-quality synthetic and semi-synthetic engine oils.

We offer you to watch a video on how to change the oil:

Oil changes are carried out during scheduled maintenance checks and as needed.

Gearbox device

The gear reducer is designed to transmit torque from the motor shaft to the working bodies (wheels, cutters). We propose to consider the gearbox diagram of the Ugra motoblock:

According to the diagram, the gear angular gearbox consists of the following elements:

  • retaining ring - 1, 12;
  • adjusting rings - 2, 4, 9, 16, 19;
  • bevel gear - 3, 11;
  • bearings - 5, 10, 19
  • intermediate shaft-gear - 6;
  • upper body - 7;
  • output shaft - 8;
  • anther cups - 13;
  • the anther itself - 14;
  • cuff - 15;
  • lower body - 17;
  • adjusting gaskets - 18;
  • covers - 21;
  • gears - 22, 23;
  • shaft - 24.

What oil should be poured into the gearbox of the Ugra walk-behind tractor? The gearbox is part of the transmission, therefore the transmission oil of the following grades is also poured:

  • Тсn-10 (according to GOST 23652-79);
  • GL3-GL4;
  • 80-85W.

Transmission

On Ugra motoblocks, a two-way manual gearbox is installed, which provides three forward gears and reverse. Two PTOs are built into the transmission for attaching mounted and trailed equipment.

We propose to study the schemes of gearboxes in longitudinal sections:

Sectional diagrams of gearboxes

During operation, the gearbox of the Ugra walk-behind tractor may fail or go wrong, then it will need repair. During the warranty period, it is better to carry out repair work in service centers; after the warranty expires, you can carry out this procedure yourself.

Clutch

The clutch is one of the most important components of the transmission. This node has the following functions:

  • when shifting gears, the clutch separates the motor and gearbox;
  • with the participation of the clutch, torque is transmitted from the crankshaft of the power plant to the gearbox shaft;
  • provides a smooth transition at the beginning of the movement of the Ugra walk-behind tractor;
  • allows you to stop the machine without stopping the power plant.

Clutch scheme of the motor-block "Ugra":

Ugra NMB-1 walk-behind tractor clutch scheme: 1 - Motor shaft, 2 - Drive half-coupling, 3 - Driven half-coupling assembly with release bearing, 4 - Belleville spring, 5 - Drive disks, 6 - Driven disks, 7 - Spring thrust ring.
Ugra NMB-1 walk-behind tractor clutch scheme: 1 - Motor shaft, 2 - Drive half-coupling, 3 - Driven half-coupling assembly with release bearing, 4 - Belleville spring, 5 - Drive disks, 6 - Driven disks, 7 - Spring thrust ring.
Clutch lever: 1 - Axle, 2 - Fork, 3 - Clutch half, 4 - Lever, 5 - Clutch cable, 6 - Bolt, 7 - Nut, 8 - Washer, 9 - Spring washer, 10 - Sleeve.
Clutch lever: 1 - Axle, 2 - Fork, 3 - Clutch half, 4 - Lever, 5 - Clutch cable, 6 - Bolt, 7 - Nut, 8 - Washer, 9 - Spring washer, 10 - Sleeve.

We list the breakdowns that occur in the transmission of the Ugra walk-behind tractor, as well as the reasons that caused them:

  1. Extraneous noises:
    • if the cause is loose fasteners, then it is necessary to tighten the bolts;
    • if the cause is gear wear, then they must be replaced.
  2. Oil leaks:
    • if an oil leak is detected, then it is necessary to change the cuffs;
    • tighten fasteners;
    • change seals;
    • Check oil level, top up if necessary.
  3. Transmissions are difficult to switch or even switch off by themselves:
    • replace gear spring
    • change gear;
    • change gear shaft.
  4. Clutch engages and disengages incompletely:
    • replace worn out elements;
    • check and tighten fasteners;
    • adjust the clutch of the Ugra walk-behind tractor.

Video showing how to replace the clutch fork of the Ugra walk-behind tractor:

What to do if the Ugra walk-behind tractor does not start

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the reasons that affect the launch of the power plant of the Ugra walk-behind tractor:

  1. Lack of fuel: pour gasoline into the fuel tank.
  2. Running out of oil: add oil.
  3. The problem with spark plugs: smoky - clean and rinse in gasoline; wet - pump and dry, replace the tip; burned out - replace the spark plug.
  4. No spark: adjust the gap between the contacts;
  5. Problems with the magneto: adjust its position if the blades stick; change if burnt out.
  6. Repair of the carburetor of the Ugra motoblock is required: if it is clogged, disassemble and clean it; out of order - replace.
  7. Filters (air and fuel) clogged: cleaning or replacement.

How is the run-in motoblock "Ugra"

Running-in is a procedure that prepares the engine and all components of the walk-behind tractor for normal loads. Run-in lasts about 30 hours. Before starting it, you need to make sure that the walk-behind tractor is filled with fuel and oil.

Engine loads during this period should not exceed ⅔ of its power. Milling during break-in must be carried out in a gentle mode - in three stages, deepening into the soil 10 cm per pass. At the end of the break-in, it is necessary to change the oil in the system.

Maintenance of the motor-block "Ugra"

Motoblock maintenance includes:

  1. Preparation for field work.
  2. Daily care after use.
  3. Scheduled inspections.
  4. Contacting service centers.
  5. Preservation of the Ugra walk-behind tractor for long-term storage.

Preparation for operation:

  1. Checking the fuel level in the fuel tank.
  2. Checking the oil level in the crankcase.
  3. Checking the reliability of available fasteners.
  4. Tire pressure.

Care of the unit after operation:

  1. Cleaning the Ugra walk-behind tractor from dust and dirt, clods of earth, oil and gasoline stains.
  2. Washing the walk-behind tractor with water.
  3. Dry the machine in an open area without direct sunlight.
  4. Lubrication of units and mechanisms with appropriate lubricants.

Conservation is a period of downtime for which it is necessary to prepare the machine accordingly.

The owner of this heavy equipment must:

  • drain the fuel from the gas tank;
  • drain the oil from the engine crankcase;
  • clean the walk-behind tractor from dirt;
  • lubricate components and mechanisms;
  • put the walk-behind tractor under cover in a dry, ventilated place.

Installation of light and electricity on Ugra walk-behind tractors

Motoblocks that came off the assembly line of the Kaluga Engine plant are not equipped with electrical equipment. The owners of Ugra motoblocks decide to upgrade this equipment on their own by installing:

  • headlight;
  • storage battery;
  • generator;
  • on/off toggle switch.

For greater convenience, the toggle switch is displayed on the steering wheel.

Belts

There are no belts in Ugra walk-behind tractors. The manufacturer replaced the V-belt transmission of torque to the working bodies with a gear one, which had a positive effect on the entire structure. The walk-behind tractor has become less prone to wear and tear and more productive.



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